"To His Excellency, George Washington"

I had never read this poem before I found it while searching out just the right poems to discuss with you.  I think it's simply smashing.  

"To His Excellency, George Washington"

by Phyllis Wheatley

Celestial choir! enthron’d in realms of light, 

Columbia’s scenes of glorious toils I write. 

While freedom’s cause her anxious breast alarms, 

She flashes dreadful in refulgent arms. 

See mother earth her offspring’s fate bemoan, 

And nations gaze at scenes before unknown! 

See the bright beams of heaven’s revolving light 

Involved in sorrows and veil of night! 

The goddess comes, she moves divinely fair, 

Olive and laurel bind her golden hair: 

Wherever shines this native of the skies, 

Unnumber’d charms and recent graces rise. 

Muse! bow propitious while my pen relates 

How pour her armies through a thousand gates, 

As when Eolus heaven’s fair face deforms, 

Enwrapp’d in tempest and a night of storms; 

Astonish’d ocean feels the wild uproar, 

The refluent surges beat the sounding shore; 

Or thick as leaves in Autumn’s golden reign, 

Such, and so many, moves the warrior’s train. 

In bright array they seek the work of war, 

Where high unfurl’d the ensign waves in air. 

Shall I to Washington their praise recite? 

Enough thou know’st them in the fields of fight. 

Thee, first in peace and honours,—we demand 

The grace and glory of thy martial band. 

Fam’d for thy valour, for thy virtues more, 

Hear every tongue thy guardian aid implore! 

One century scarce perform’d its destined round, 

When Gallic powers Columbia’s fury found; 

And so may you, whoever dares disgrace 

The land of freedom’s heaven-defended race! 

Fix’d are the eyes of nations on the scales, 

For in their hopes Columbia’s arm prevails. 

Anon Britannia droops the pensive head, 

While round increase the rising hills of dead. 

Ah! cruel blindness to Columbia’s state! 

Lament thy thirst of boundless power too late. 

Proceed, great chief, with virtue on thy side, 

Thy ev’ry action let the goddess guide. 

A crown, a mansion, and a throne that shine, 

With gold unfading, WASHINGTON! be thine.

Discussion Questions:

1.  What do Britannia and Columbia represent here?

2.  What is she referring to with the lines "One century scarce perform’d its destined round, 

When Gallic powers Columbia’s fury found"?  (Gallic = from Gaul, so figure out where Gaul is and it will give you a clue.)

3.  Why do you think Wheatley employed so much imagery from mythology in this poem?